![]() Personally I use the IPC-compliant footprints. As the designer you need to pick the option that works best for you. Similarly some work better for hand-soldering and some work better for reflow soldering. Like I said before some footprints will work better for high-density, and others will work better for low-density. There will often be minute differences between the manufacturer's suggested footprint and the IPC versions, but they will almost always be close to either the L, N, or M options.Īny one of the footprints will work provided it was created for the package size you are using. The first image you show appears to be either Least or Nominal (I'm guessing Nominal), whereas the second image you show looks more like the Most option. This is ideal for low-density boards which you plan to hand-solder. Nominal is slightly larger, and if you use the Most option the component pads take up the most space. If you use the Least option the component pads take up the least amount of space, which is great for high-density boards. IPC generally has three different variants for every component footprint - L, N, and M, which stand for Least, Nominal, and Most. Draw in some lines to give an indication of the part size. Press 'Tab' to set the options, and set it to 0.2mm. Switch to the Top Overlay layer, and press 'P' 'L' (for Place Line). Go back into 2D mode '2' to place the silk screen. and check that the pads look like they're placed correctly. Do the left one first (at -1.5, 3.0), then the middle one (at 0.0, 3.0), then the right one (at 1.5, 3.0). Now place the three pads on the document. ![]() Set the Designator to 1, and the Layer to Top Layer. Set the X and Y size of the pad, and make it rectangular. Press 'P' 'P' (for Place Pad), then press 'Tab' to bring up the pad options. According to the datasheet, the pads for the connector are 0.85mm x 7.00mm, and are placed 1.50mm apart. Now drag the purple rectangle by the middle of its lower edge, and snap it to the origin. Set the X rotation to 90º and the Standoff height to 2.9mm.Ĭlick OK, and place the model on the document. Click 'Generic STEP Model', then 'Embed STEP Model' and select the file. Press 'O' 'B' to bring up the board options. Since the component is specified in mm in the datasheet, switch to metric units. Make sure that the pin 1 indicator will be visible even after the part is placed on the board.Download the STEP (.stp) model from the Molex web site. You also want to have something on the silkscreen (like a round dot or a numeral "1") to indicate pin 1. Probably you want to indicate at least the rough size of the outer housing of the connector to aid in placing other nearby parts. Then draw whatever you want on the silkscreen layer. You might want to put pin 1 at location 0,0 or you might want to put the middle pin at 0,0, whichever you prefer. Make sure they're numbered 1, 2, and 3, in the correct order. Place them in a row spaced 1.5 mm center to center, as shown in the drawing. Use a 0.5 mm grid to make it easier to place your pads.Īdd 3 rectangular pads with the dimensions given in the Molex drawing. It's just one rectangular pad for each pin of the connector (I think 3 in your case). In the upper center you'll see the recommended footprint. Then click through to the PDF sales drawing. ![]() ![]() Download the STEP (.stp) model from the Molex web site.
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They’re great at seducing, sharp-witted, impatient and sometimes seen as a drifter. They’re energetic, self-reliant, money-wise, and they enjoy traveling, love and intimacy. Those born under the Chinese Zodiac sign of the Horse love to roam free. Madison Wolfe was born in the Year of the Horse. This is someone ready to do nearly anything to avoid conflict, keeping the peace whenever possible Madison Wolfe made her debut with the Will Ferrell-Zach Galifianakis comedy The Campaign and in the last two years. Born on October 16, 2002, Madison hails from Metairie, United States. She starred in the horror film The Conjuring 2, and as Barbara Thorson in the fantasy/drama film I Kill Giants. These individuals are fascinated by balance and symmetry, they are in a constant chase for justice and equality, realizing through life that the only thing that should be truly important to themselves in their own inner core of personality. Madison made her film debut in the adventure drama On the Road and her television debut in the HBO series True Detective. Madison Wolfe is an American actress known worldwide for her appearances in 2012 ‘s adventure drama On the Road, 2014’s HBO series True Detective, 2016’s The Conjuring ’s fantasy / drama movie I Kill Giants. Partnership is very important for them, as their mirror and someone giving them the ability to be the mirror themselves. Hollywood Madison Wolfe is a 16 years old talented Actress from Metairie, Louisiana, United States. ![]() ![]() According to astrologers, People born under the sign of Libra are peaceful, fair, and they hate being alone. Well keep you more photos posted on all things in this article.Madison Wolfe birthplace is in United States, Birth date is, Feet size is 6.5 US. Theyre small, theyre cute, and theyve gotten her through many a tough situation. What he never does is find a new way to scare the audience: we have seen all of these tricks before, but of course they still work.Madison Wolfe’s zodiac sign is Libra. The actress has been known to make headlines with her bare feet. Wan also uses manipulative movie trickery from moody music to grubby production design to prowling camerawork that constantly reveals something frightening in the deep shadows. Madison Wolfe Family Therapy Group of Weston Email Madison Madison Wolfe Madison Wolfe is a Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in the state of Florida. Additional standard scares include a nerve-jangling toy and a seriously scary nun (who's about to get her own spin-off film, like the creepy doll Annabelle from the first movie). While the script inventively intermingles the facts of the case with a generous dose of movie fiction, Wan fills the screen with all kinds of creepy goings-on, including banging noises, levitating furniture and flickering TV screens. Now staying with neighbours (Simon Delaney and Maria Doyle Kennedy) across the street, Peggy has also called in two experts, a true believer (Simon McBurney) and a sceptic (Franka Potente), to work with the Warrens to clear this malevolent presence from the family home. ![]() Madison is known for her acting in different hit films like Dodie Lee in On the Road, as Audrey Hart on True Detective, Janet Hodgson in The Conjuring 2, and as Barbara in I Kill Giants. Arriving in Enfield, North London, they meet Peggy Hodgson (Frances O'Connor), a plucky single mother of four, who is worried that the ghost of an angry old man is threatening her 11-year-old daughter Janet (Madison Wolfe). Madison Wolfe is an American entertainer and model. But they're soon summoned to England to help a family being terrorised by a nasty spirit. Madison Wolfe es una artista estadounidense que se destaca por programas que incluyen ‘The Conjuring 2’, ‘I Execute Goliaths’, ‘Delight’, etc. The story opens in Amityville, where the Warrens are deeply disturbed by supernatural forces and decide to take some time off. ![]() However, this was not encouraging, because of what I previously stated. I ended up printing one page from the Epson iPrint that my regular phone printing app messed up, and the Epson iPrint did it correctly. Since my printer doesn’t do double sided printing this is problematic. It doesn’t allow me to just print even or odd or select just the pages I want to print. I want to print back to front and I would literally have to print one page at a time. I used the print option from my phone instead of the Epson iPrint, because the Epson app is annoying. Well I went to print something out today and after 100 pages were already printed I realized several of the pictures were not printing. I bought the Epson eco tank 2720 thinking I would be saving myself money in the long run by being able to print out my children’s curriculum. I sent this email to Epson, and I’m posting it here too. Printing frustrations due to app limitations I have to say this app from Epson will tip my future printer purchases in their favor, so that I will be able to see my multiple Epson printers and select their features from a single printing app. So, since I also have printers from other brands on my LAN, I find I need to also have iOS print apps for their printers installed on my iPhone, to access their fuller set of print commands. Since I don’t leave any paper in that feed slot except when I specifically want to use it, the image will ignore the Letter-size paper loaded in that tray, and simply not print. On my Epson Artisan 730 Multi Function Printer, using Apple’s Print command, the images from my camera roll will want to print using the much smaller paper feed for cut-size Photo paper. Particularly annoying is trying to print full page images on 8-1/2 x 11“ paper from a Letter-size paper tray. IPhone users will agree that Apple’s iOS-embedded Print command provides only the most rudimentary access to printer features, almost regardless of printer brand. It performs most printing tasks quickly, and with access to most of the Epson printers’ features that one is used to seeing when printing from a computer, using Epson’s installed printer drivers. This app from Epson comes to the rescue, albeit just for Epson-brand printers on your local WiFi network. Evernote Corporation.Īccess to most-needed Print settings from iPhone *1 Evernote is a registered trademark of U.S. This allows iPrint to search for wireless networks your location data is not collected. To use iPrint with a Wi-Fi connection, you must allow the app to use your device's location services. See the following website for supported printers. Choose from different scanning resolutions and image types. ![]() ![]() Switch between color or monochrome printing.Configure your print options including paper size and type, number of copies, page range and one- or two-sided printing.Print your email attachments and stored files.Print high quality photos with automatic backlight and color cast correction.Print within a complex network environment using manual IP printer setup.Check your printer's status and ink levels.Transfer files between your device and an SD card or USB drive via an Epson printer.Copy documents and photos using your mobile device and a nearby Epson printer.Scan from your Epson all-in-one and share your file (save to your device, send via email or save online).Capture a document with your device camera, format, enhance, then save, ready to print.Print stored files, email attachments, and online files from Box, Dropbox, Evernote, Google Drive and Microsoft OneDrive.Print photos, PDFs and Microsoft Office documents such as Word, Excel and PowerPoint.Print from anywhere in the world to email-enabled Epson printers using remote print functionality.Print, scan, and share directly from your iPhone, iPod Touch or iPad.Also supports Box, Dropbox, Evernote®*1, Google Drive™ and Microsoft OneDrive™.Įpson iPrint makes printing easy and convenient whether your printer is in the next room or across the world. Print photos, emails, webpages and files including Microsoft® Word, Excel®, PowerPoint® and PDF documents. Print, scan, and share directly from your iPhone®, iPad®, or iPod® Touch. ![]() We’ve even thought of your four-legged companion-a beautiful dog park awaits, where your pup can socialize and burn off energy. ![]() If you need a change of pace from your work-from-home environment, head to the clubhouse to check your emails while enjoying a coffee. There’s no need for gym memberships when you have access to our exclusive, fully renovated fitness center. Have some friends join you at the community grill area for dinner under the cool shade of an umbrella. Pull up a lounge chair on the sun deck and spend a few hours relaxing here with a book. Lush mature trees frame the sparkling waters of The Clarion’s swimming pool. In addition to the benefits of our premium location, residents also experience a lifestyle complemented by a range of convenient features. If you’ve been searching for luxury apartments in Decatur, GA, that come with access to resort-inspired amenities, look no further than The Clarion. The company’s multifamily portfolio totals 35,684 units.Resort-Style Amenities That Elevate Your Lifestyle Overall, Clarion Partners maintains a global presence, with more than 1,400 properties located across 78 Markets. The building, which is located at 1950 Camino Vida Roble, was purchased for $54 million, or $444 per square foot. Prior to that, the company also acquired the Fusion Life Science HQ, a 121,541 square-foot hybrid creative office and R&D building in San Diego’s Carlsbad submarket. In November, the Los Angeles-based company, in partnership with Cityview, acquired the 276-unit Empire Landing apartment complex in Burbank for $161 million, or $583,333 per unit. The sale of the property adds to a number of recent deals in Southern California by Clarion Partners over the past several months. At that time, Legacy Partners purchased the asset for $46.25 million, or about $221,291 per unit. The apartment building is within close proximity to several other multifamily assets, including Rowland Palms Apartments, Casa de Lago Apartments and more.Īccording to public records, the recent sale of the apartment community was nearly double what it last traded for in 2007. The Verandas are located in a primarily residential neighborhood, just north of the San Bernardino Freeway. ![]() On top of these, our onsite staff works tirelessly to ensure everything runs smoothly, which is why they offer maintenance, package receiving, and scenic garden landscaping,” the website states. To give you an idea, you can stay cool on hot summer days at the pool deck, stay in top shape regardless of the season at the well-equipped fitness center, and see the furry residents bond at the dog park designed for their entertainment. “There’s more to enjoy beyond the four walls of our Inland Empire apartments. The property also offers a number of onsite community amenities, including access to a dog park, various lounge areas, a pool and more. The property’s website shows that the building maintains a mix of one-, two- and three-bedroom apartment options, with rent ranging from $2,416 to $3,002 per month. The apartment community, located at 200 N. Multifamily real estate investment company Legacy Partners was the seller in the transaction. Property records indicate that the global real estate investment company purchased a 209-unit apartment community in West Covina for $92 million, or about $440,191 per unit. Clarion Partners is making moves to grow its multifamily portfolio in Southern California. ![]() The children had all been at boarding school for some years and the parting of the ways of their parents didn’t seem to affect them too badly. Whilst in Malaya I had decided to leave the Army at the age of 42 and try my luck in the big outside world. By this time we had three children, Pip, Nick and Mark, but long periods apart do not help a marriage and, unfortunately, it fell apart. I then married Audrey Barlow who had been in the WRENS and I/we saw service in Hong Kong, Singapore, Cyprus, Kenya, Jamaica, North Africa, various UK postings leading to a final two year period with the Gurkha Division in Malaysia. It was that option or going in penury to university so I was glad to accept. As a result I was offered a regular commission in the Royal Army Service Corps. Of course we then had to attend the selection procedure for regular commissions. A fellow officer and I discovered that the only quick way home to England and English girls was to volunteer for a regular commission- something I had not thought of before! It worked like a charm and in ten days we were on a plane via the Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, the Gambia and Lisbon in Portugal to dear old England. This we did and then I seemed doomed to spend the remaining year of my service at Kaduna in Northern Nigeria. Once again the war ended before I got there! Soon we were off by troopship to Nigeria to demob our soldiers. I arrived in Bombay as a young subaltern in the Royal Sussex Regiment for onward posting not to the Indian Army as expected but to the West African Frontier Force Reece Regiment with 82 West African Division upcountry in Burma. After six weeks I was selected as a potential officer and went via Aldershot training battalion and pre-OCTU at Wrotham in Kent to an OCTU in the Isle of Man(which seemed about as far away from the war as one could get in the UK) Anyway, the war in Europe was over by then so we were busy learning about jungle warfare ready to be sent to the Far East. On the 31st of August 1944, I joined the army and reported to a training establishment near Newcastle. I found records for George and Harry and Ann as well. All were attributed to James Henry Tapply and his wife Elizabeth. In fact, as I got access to English christening records I found my grandfather, his brother George, his sister Elizabeth and his brother Thomas. I can find no such person attributed to James Gilbee. If you look at the tree above, which I believe came from Alan, you see James of Maidstone. But as I dug and dug and dug I could find NOTHING proving our line came from James Gilbee Tapply. No doubt he did the best he could with what he had pre-internet. Alan Tapply who wrote The Tapplys of Kent. One person makes a mistake, it gets repeated and before you know it you have 'facts' that are anything BUT. This is an object lesson on a family game of 'telephone'. Jon has shared with me some of the correspondence which I will transcribe here. Long before I became motivated to actually ACT on my curiosity about the Tapply family, Mark Tapply and Jon Tapply were on the case. We believe Ferne is to the far left on the front row with her hands clasped. Jane was always very dark-haired and petite. ![]() ![]() I can't be sure, but I think Jane is right in front of her. This time, my mom is the one at the end of the arrow. Here's some of the same group again in 6th grade. The three cousins were in school together all 12 grades. We think the little girl with the white collar to Jane's left would be Ferne Tapply. On the first row with the very straight bangs and shiny dark hair is Jane Tapply. That might be her friend Pauline Morency (Punky) right next to her. The second grade picture above shows my mom- second row far right grinning at the camera. My mom recalls wearing layers of clothes against the cold winds whipping down North Street. This is where my mom and her cousins went to school in the lower grades.įrom my mom's house on Garfield Street it wouldn't have been a terrible walk, but very cold and treacherous in the winter. The schools around the university became "lab" schools for the trainees. ![]() But a university was established there: Fitchburg Normal School, later Fitchburg Teachers College and now Fitchburg State College. Fitchburg was almost past its best days even when she was a girl. My mom came from a mid-sized factory town in central Massachusetts. ![]() Underwriters Laboratories (UL), a third-party safety testing company, truly made a difference with the series of tests they created for hoverboards to make sure they are safe. Since there have not been any recalls on hoverboards in the years 2018 through 2020, hoverboards are much safer now more than ever. The heat will be absorbed by the flammable compounds of the battery and cause a fire hazard, which can lead to a hoverboard explosion. The breakage causes both negative and positive terminals to touch, which will immediately result in a short circuit and generate a large amount of heat. The component or polymer separator that separates both positive and negative terminals is too flimsy.īecause hoverboards and scooters are in constant motion and have to endure a lot of bumps on the road, the flimsy separator will eventually break. Without getting too technical, these batteries were built poorly at first. Most hoverboards are equipped with lithium-ion batteries, which are significantly larger than mobile phone batteries. The primary reason that causes a hoverboard fire is the batteries. We will also look at hoverboard brands to stay away from, and the hoverboards that do not catch fire. In this article, we will look at some of the most notable recalls in the past, go through strategies to avoid fire hazards, and explore how hoverboards are much safer now. Due to the common incidents of hoverboard explosions ( 1 ) from 2015 to 2017, the manufacturers had to do a recall on most of their products.ĭid the safety of hoverboards improve these days? Did the manufacturers determine what they did wrong to solve the problem of hoverboard fires in 2020 ? Hoverboard fires were common when they were first released, which is why they started to pull the product off the shelves of retailers and online distributors. Some of the first hoverboards were catching fire, so companies and distributors like Amazon did a recall on hoverboards. The invention of the hoverboard did cause enough hype for people to be eager to get their hands on one, but the first few generations of hoverboards were not entirely safe. ![]() It may not be the hoverboard that Marty Mcfly used in “Back to the Future 2,” but the feeling is somewhat close. When hoverboards and self-balancing smart scooters were introduced in 2013, a lot of people were hyped. Alternately, just make that last-minute adjustment. The PDF editor feature was designed to help users to make PDF documents more visually appealing and engaging. ![]() Some people want to find a tool online because they just want to edit one or two pdf files for personal use, or don't want to install a third-party software.Ĭanva PDF Editor is an additional feature of Canva online designing and publishing tools. Automatically detect the font, size, and color of the original text. With its beatiful design it's easy to use, especially good for those students or professors.Ĥ. Price: $79.99, 1 lifetime license for 3 Macsġ. It's cost-effective than Adobe Acrobat DC. Compared to another 2 paid shareware, its price is the lowest. PDF Expert from Readdle is a powerful pdf editor and reader for Mac, which has been long time winning the top 1 paid app in the Mac App Store. It meets basic needs of PDF editing and the operating experience is close to Preview. Performs more specialized processing on PDF based on Preview, which ensures better compatibility on Mac platform for PDF documents.ġ. PDFpenPro - Powerful PDF Editing On Your Mac. Some features hidden deep within the software. High compatibility, high professionalism.Ģ. Platform: Windows, Mac, iPhone and iPad, Androidġ. Wha't more, it's the best one that supports OCR (optical character recognition). When talking about PDF editor for Mac, we must introduce Adobe Acrobat DC because it's the most professional pdf editing tool. Allow users to leverage exiting forms and workflow with standard PDF (Acroforms) and XFA (XML Form Architecture) form filling.Īcrobat DC - Get the most complete PDF solution. Create, edit and share the same PDF with our team.Ģ. Platform: Windows Mac Linux (32 bit, 64 bit)ġ. Going being PDF viewing, Foxit Reader features ConnectedPDF, which is leading edge technology that powers cloud-based services for PDF files. If your primary focus is annotation, this tool is your great choice.ġ. It was designed to help Mac users read scientific papers in PDF. Skim is a PDF reader and note-taker for OS X. Lacks professional features, can't edit PDF content. The ability to fill out forms is especially impressive.Ĥ, With Preview (in Lion) you can sign a piece of paper and hold it up to the computer's webcam, then it will turn it into a high-quality signature.Ģ. ![]() View and edit image files in addition to PDF files.ģ. Thumbnailes view, and edit (rotate, detele, or reorder pages).Ģ. Combine PDFs (combine two PDFs, or combine part of a PDF with another PDF) ħ. Though it doesn't have so many features compared to other tools in this list, but it can be used to highlight text, add various shapes and add in notes. In other words, it's suitable for simple use.Ħ. View PDF in single-page or double-page view.Apple's built-in Preview application is phenomenal and often overlooked.Create fillable forms with buttons, checkboxes, and list boxes.Print PDFs as booklets, posters, and handouts.Add and replace PDF background with an image or a solid color.Apply Bates numbering to your legal, medical, and business records.Add PDF headers and footers with page numbers or text labels.Rotate, delete, rearrange, and crop PDF pages.Append pages from another PDF to the existing file.Split a large PDF into several small PDFs.Merge 2 or more files into one single PDF.Create PDFs from images, web pages, and clipboard content.Support PDF to Word, Excel, PPT, and image conversions (docx, xlsx, pptx, jpg, png, gif & bmp).Customize permissions to restrict editing, copying, and printing.Add passwords to protect PDFs from being viewed.Export OCR results as text or searchable PDFs. ![]() Replace, add, or delete text in PDFs directly.Recommended by Techradar, Techworm, Softonic, and Waerfa Featured as “Best Utility App” in App Store Rewind Featured in “10 Best PDF Reader Apps For iPhone & iPad 2019” by FOSSBYTES Featured as “10 Essentials” in Utility on iTunes With PDF Reader, you will never struggle again with complicated PDF documents and will enjoy consistent PDF-editing capabilities on all your devices. Any PDF expert or manager can use PDF Reader to annotate, edit, combine, convert, encrypt, scan, and sign PDF documents, wherever you are at school, work, home, or on the go. PDF Reader is a powerful PDF solution for your iPhone, iPad, and Mac. By downloading the free version, you can try out PDF Reader for free. PDF Reader Pro is the paid version of PDF Reader for Mac. The final version of TopoTools-v1.2 has been released with VMD version 1.9.1. write commented out Coeff sections to data files to provide hints on which coefficients need to be set. Parse and compare - if present - against requested atom style on reading. encode the intended atom_style setting in data file header. only if the string CGCMM is in the first line of the data file, the lammps data file parser will look for those extensions. stricter checking for CGCMM extensions to the data file format. support for reading data files containing non-orthogonal cells. support for writing (fake!) gromacs topology files for use with gromacs analysis tools for non-gromacs trajectories. support for reading and writing of xmol/xyz style trajectories with a varying number of atoms element from mass, mass from element, element from name, radius from element). determination of atom properties based on other information (e.g. an optional tolerance keyword allows to specify the maximum difference from a flat structure. tested with peptide bonds, phenyls, histidines. searches for atoms bound to exactly three other atoms forming an almost flat construct. determination of angle and dihedral definitions from bonding information. Several bugfixes, especially for operating on selections and assigning atom properties. TopoTools-v1.1 has been released with VMD version 1.9. Key features: first public version, basic support for listing, typing, adding, and removing bonds, angles, dihedrals, and impropers, read/write support for LAMMPS data files, periodic system replication, merging of "VMD molecules" to a single molecule, merging of selections. TopoTools-v1.0 has been released together with VMD version 1.8.7. Learn how to use TopoTools from the on-line tutorial. Please file bug reports and feature requests as GitHub issues. This should return the version number of the plugin that you have installed. To find out which version of topotools you have, please open the VMD text mode console and type: package require topotools. TopoTools consists of a generic middleware script layer that makes access to the topology related data stored in VMD more convenient than the existing very basic API, but it also has a number of high-level tools that allow reading and writing of topology file formats that cannot be parsed by the molfile plugins (as they need additional information not available to molfile plugins), parsing of parameter and residue database files for generation of complete input files for MD codes like LAMMPS and HOOMD-blue, and replicating or combining multiple systems (i.e. It is meant to be a complementary tool to psfgen, which is very much optimized for building topologies for biomolecules. TopoTools is a VMD plugin for manipulating topology information.
The immaculate white sand beaches are excellent. This is one of the most beautiful, yet least visited beaches in Costa Rica. Punta Uva is located along the southern Caribbean coast between Puerto Viejo and Manzanillo. This shuttle includes, ground transportation in a late model air-conditioned shuttle van. Combines well with: Turrialba, Sarapiqui, Arenal Volcano, Tortuguero, Puerto Viejo Closest Airport: San Jose - SJO. From Puerto Viejo and Cahuita to San Jose, San Jose Airport, Jaco, Manuel Antonio, Quepos Monteverde, Uvita, Ojochal, Sierpe. CASADO PARAGUAY PUERTO DESEADO AERO ARGENTINA PUERTO LIMON COSTA RICA PUERTO MONTT CHILE PUNTA. Torcoroma operates a bus from Cartagena to Tolú every 30 minutes. CANADA PORT HEDLAND AIRPORT AUSTRALIA PORT MORE SBY M.0. It is about 5 miles (8 km) from downtown Puerto Viejo and is easily reached by car, taxi, or bike. However, there are better options for getting to Puerto Viejo. Panama will now requires travelers who are not fully vaccinated and are traveling from high risk countries, including Costa Rica, to quarantine for 72 hours.Morning Collective Shuttle services departs from El Malinche Restaurant at San Jose Airport terminal sidewalk exit at 7:00am, arrival in Puerto Viejo is by 12:45pm.Īfternoon Collective Shuttle services departs from El Malinche Restaurant at San Jose Airport terminal sidewalk exit area at 2:15pm, arrival in Puerto Viejo is by 7:45pm. The nearest airport to Puerto Viejo is Tolu (TLU). Puerto Viejo, Costa Rica Destination Guide September 5 San Jose Airport to Puerto Viejo - Shuttle Transportation ![]() People read for many reasons but understanding is always a part of their purpose. ![]() You may appreciate the words aesthetically and even be able to draw some small bits of meaning from the page, but you are not truly reading the story. Imagine being handed a story written in Egyptian hieroglyphics with no understanding of their meaning. Without comprehension, reading is nothing more than tracking symbols on a page with your eyes and sounding them out. Why is reading comprehension so important? The development of reading comprehension is a lifelong process that changes based on the depth and breadth of texts the person is reading. Content area materials such as textbooks and newspaper, magazine and journal articles pose different reading comprehension challenges for young people and thus require different comprehension strategies. As their reading materials become more diverse and challenging, children need to learn new tools for comprehending these texts. Even in the middle grades and high school, parents and teachers need to continue to help their children develop reading comprehension strategies. Reading comprehension strategies must be refined, practiced and reinforced continually throughout life. It might seem that once a child learns to read in the elementary grades he is able to tackle any future text that comes his way. Reading comprehension strategies must be taught over an extended period of time by parents and teachers who have knowledge and experience using them. Because of this, readers do not develop the ability to comprehend texts quickly, easily or independently. These include monitoring for understanding, answering and generating questions, summarizing and being aware of and using a text’s structure to aid comprehension.Īs you can see, reading comprehension is incredibly complex and multifaceted. Readers use many different text comprehension strategies to develop reading comprehension. Text comprehension is much more complex and varied that vocabulary knowledge. In addition to being able to understand each distinct word in a text, the child also has to be able to put them together to develop an overall conception of what it is trying to say. Parents and teachers should pre-teach new words that a child will encounter in a text or aid her in understanding unfamiliar words as she comes upon them in the writing. The best vocabulary instruction occurs at the point of need. Children can draw on their prior knowledge of vocabulary, but they also need to continually be taught new words. If the individual words don’t make the sense then the overall story will not either. In order to understand a text the reader must be able to comprehend the vocabulary used in the piece of writing. There are two elements that make up the process of reading comprehension: vocabulary knowledge and text comprehension. At the same time, it is the most difficult and most important of the three. ![]() It cannot occur independent of the other two elements of the process. This last component of the act of reading is reading comprehension. He is simultaneously using his awareness and understanding of phonemes (individual sound “pieces” in language), phonics (connection between letters and sounds and the relationship between sounds, letters and words) and ability to comprehend or construct meaning from the text. When a person reads a text he engages in a complex array of cognitive processes. Reading comprehension is one of the pillars of the act of reading. Reading comprehension is an intentional, active, interactive process that occurs before, during and after a person reads a particular piece of writing. While the definition can be simply stated the act is not simple to teach, learn or practice. Simply put, reading comprehension is the act of understanding what you are reading. For developing readers this relationship is not as apparent, but is essential for them to become strong, capable readers. As practiced readers we may take this distinction for granted since the acts of reading and comprehension occur almost simultaneously for us. This nonsense sentence demonstrates the difference between being able to read words and comprehend text. However, when you look at the sentence as a whole, does it make sense? Probably not. A banana is another fruit that is yellow. An apple is a fruit that is usually round and red, green or yellow. ![]() Surely you were able to read each of the words in that sentence and understand what they meant independently. |